Assimilation of American Indians was most commonly practiced in many ways between 1790 and 1970. The purpose was to eliminate Native American culture by forcing assimilation into white Christian society. George Washington was the first to add a policy of Assimilation, followed by many but most notably Andrew Jackson who had a deep hatred of Native Americans and instituted the Indian Removal Act. Assimilation attempts have been an ongoing struggle, often times resulting in the death of hundreds of Indians as with the Sand Creek Massacre, the Wounded Knee Massacre and the Trail of Tears. Into the 20th century, assimilation was attempted through Indian Boarding Schools and an assortment of adoption project which essentially removed young Indian children from their homes to immerse them in American culture and not allow them to retain their own.